A Look Into Inner City Poverty - 2020 Words

A Look Into Inner City Poverty Inner city distress in the American economy is not the only pressing issue facing the nation. Lack of businesses and jobs in most inner cities fuels a crushing cycle of poverty and crippling social problems like crime and drug abuse. As the condition of inner cities continue to worsen, debate on how to improve them through such measures as education, financial and technical assistance has continued to grow. The sad reality is that efforts from the past decades to address the causes of inner cities poverty have failed. Attempts to establish a sustainable economy through the creation of employment opportunities, wealth creation, and improved infrastructure (Kasarda, 4) have not worked. These efforts have failed†¦show more content†¦Private investment is based on self-interest and a genuine competitive advantage, and as such will then be sustaining in the long term, and is not dependent upon federal funding programs. There is need to develop an economic model that will begin on the premise that inner city businesses must be profitable and in a good position to compete on regional, national and international scale. Several issues have led to social problems in the inner city. Sub-standard educational opportunities, high rates of unemployment, high crime rates, broken families, and inadequate housing characterize most inner city neighborhoods. In the 19th century, the inner city was the central point for industrial activities, among which neighborhoods were established with rows of terraced houses for the industrial based, low-paid workers (Wilson, 14). In the latter half of the 20th century, factories in the inner city were closed and relocated to suburban locations causing decay and economic decline in the cities they left behind. This economic trend created many social problems including poverty through lack of employment. As this trend progressed those able to move and follow the suburban jobs left the inner city, creating pools of disadvantaged minorit ies in their wake subject to growing social problem. These social problems will be examined in this research as to how they contributed to the high rate of poverty in the inner city. There is high rate of poverty in the inner

Summary Of The Crucible - 2006 Words

Nyonika Khanna Mrs.Evard Amlit - 5 09/28/2017 Man as a Puppet in the Hands of an Intolerant Society Scapegoating. According to Urban Dictionary, â€Å"a scapegoat is defined as, ‘A person or person or object that is used to lay the blame on for all that goes wrong, regardless of the contributions of others. This will usually carry on until the scapegoat has gone, or has managed to successfully defend itself against the arguments presented to it’.The pointing out of a person as an accused or a sinner happens because of the intolerance to any deviation from the society beliefs. This is seen in the play,The Crucible; articles Death Penalty Disgrace and A True Confession. In these articles, the main thing that stands out is that people can be†¦show more content†¦If I say I know something about the device, it’ll be be I lied, I’m screwed, but al least my family will be safe. ‘And I said, ‘OK, the device is mine.’† (Higazy, A True Confession). The agent who threatened him said that if he would not cooperate, his family wou ld be in a lot trouble. Under so much intense pressure he accepted to lie so that his family could be secure. But later on he was proved innocent as the FBI realized that he was not the right man they wanted. In the play The Crucible, the main emotion which led to loss of innocent lives was that of vengence. In this play, the illicit relationship between Abigail and Proctor became the source of frustration for Abigail, as seen when she says, â€Å"She is blackening my name in the village! She is telling lies about me! She is a cold, sniveling woman, and you bend to her! Let her turn you like a -† (Millar, 23). This frustration led to the emotion of vengeance which was so evil that it consumed whoever came in it s path. In Death Penalty Disgrace, Davis was put through a lot of emotional stress so much so that he was almost executed three times before being punished finally for something for which he claimed he never did. In this case ,the emotion of frustration played a big role as Davis could not get his due justice of being heard and the law makers became divided on the way his case was being handled.One of the law officer, who had helped in making a law forShow MoreRelatedSummary Of The Crucible 1151 Words   |  5 Pages6. Plot summary â€Å"The Crucible† is a play that takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. The play starts in the woods, the characters Abigail, Betty, Tituba, Mary Warren, and Mercy Lewis were casting spells in the forest. Samuel Parris catches them in the woods and Betty passes out. They go to the Proctors house to make sure Betty is okay. Parris is contemplating on what the town will think of him when they find out what has happened. He tells Abigail to tell him what happened in the woods. AbigailRead MoreSummary : The Crucible 1272 Words   |  6 PagesBlake Allison Period #1 AP NOVEL FORM 1. Title (underline): The Crucible 2. Author (first and last name) and date of first publication: Arthur Miller 1953 3. List four main characters with a one-sentence description of each. a. John Proctor- John Proctor, the husband of Elizabeth Proctor, is a serious farmer who lives on the edge of Salem hiding the secret sin of his adultery and disbelieving in the witch trials. b. Reverend Parris- Reverend Parris, the Reverend in Salem, is a conceitedRead MoreSummary : The Crucible 1074 Words   |  5 Pagestrue puritanism. Women ( specifically young girls) all had a huge impact on Salem that caused lies and new beliefs. 3 women were the main cause of all the sales madness and mayhem these women were Abigail Williams, Tituba, and Mary Warren. The crucible is about a group of girls who went out to dance or do other things which are unknown. They were then caught and accused of practicing witchcraft. They all started to make up things saying that they could see demons and that they would find themselvesRead MoreSummary Of The Crucible 1242 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 11 D1B2 21 October 2014 Why is Extremism in Any Form Dangerous? I feel that extremism is dangerous because it can lead to intolerance, lying and hurting others. Misconception and fright can lead to prejudice. In Arthur Miller’s play, â€Å"The Crucible† people who refuse to admit to dealing with the Devil will be hanged. In fear of dying, people who have been accused but haven’t actually dealt with the devil admit to something they haven’t done in order to escape demise. Reverend Hale says to JohnRead MoreSummary Of The Crucible 978 Words   |  4 PagesSlave, it is a strong word that, according to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is defined as, â€Å"Someone who is legally owned by another person and is forced to work for that person without pay.†1 Plutarch describes the leader of the Rebellion (Spartacus the slave) as strong, invincible, and barbaric. Spartacus and his rallied men escaped confinement from the Roman Republic and fought back because they wanted to be free from the horrible situation they were put in. Also, the gladiators were tough andRead MoreSummary : The Crucible Essay964 Words   |   4 PagesOpportunities, Fall Semester 2015 Extra Credit Opportunity #4: Attend a performance of â€Å"The Crucible† on one of the following performance dates: Oct 10, 15, 16, or 17 at 7:30pm or the matinee performance on Sunday, Oct 18 at 2pm at the SMSU Fine Arts Theatre Note: The performance on Thurs, Oct 15, is free to all SMSU students with a valid student ID. Admission at all other performances is $10. â€Å"The Crucible† is a fictionalized account of events that occurred during the Salem Witch Trials. SalemRead MoreSummary Of The Crucible Essay711 Words   |  3 Pages Ms. Elliott AP Language and Composition 22 May 2016 Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York: A. Meyerson, 1953. Print. The Crucible, a play, by American playwright Arthur Miller, is set in the small New England town of Salem Massachusetts in 1992. The play opens with Reverend Parris praying beside his daughter Betty Parris s bed. In the bed Betty lies in some sort of paralyzed state. The town s doctor, Doctor Griggs, does not know of a medicine to cure Betty’s symptoms and advises ReverendRead MoreSummary : The Crucible 1624 Words   |  7 Pagesjournal #1- narrative Today I went into town in order to see what all this witchcraft commotion was all about. According to Reverend Parris his daughter, Betty, has been bewitched. All this sounds a bit crazy to me because the details do not add up. I see Abigail and hope not to make conversation with her, but eventually I am alone with her and she explains everything to me. She begins by declaring her love for me and how much she misses me and does not go a day without thinking about me. She thenRead MoreSummary Of The Crucible 1892 Words   |  8 PagesNoemi Boyd Etheridge AP Literature Per. 2 Nov. 25th, 2014 Title: The Crucible Year of Publication: 1953 Author: Arthur Miller Setting and Time Period: Salem Massachusetts during 1692 and 1693 Primary Characters: Abigail Williams - Niece of Reverend Parris, she is leader of the girls in town and has had affair with John Proctor. John Proctor - Husband of Elizabeth and a hard working man; tries to set Abigail straight by exposing the truth between them but is too worried for his reputation. ReverendRead MoreSummary Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1443 Words   |  6 PagesStephanie Provenzano 3rd Period 1. Title: The Crucible 2. Author and date of first publication: Arthur Miller, 1953 3. List four main characters with a one-sentence description of each. a. John Proctor, he is a farmer in his mid-thirties living in Salem, as a well respected man in society he sets an example to all of the other citizens; he is married to Elizabeth practice and has 3 sons. b. Abigail, she is a seventeen year old girl who lives with her uncle, Reverend Parris, because her parents

Command structure is one of th... free essay sample

Command structure is one of the most important aspect of any military operation. A clear and obvious command structure failed to manifest during Operation Anaconda. Confusing command relationships without a unity of command and a unity of effort along with overlapping responsibilities and conflicting command relationships brought tension to the mission. In the report Operation Anaconda Lessons for Joint Operations, Kugler states, Clear-cut command structures and command relationships must be established and understood by participating component units to ensure proper integration and compliance with planning directives (Richard L. Kugler, 2009). Operation Anaconda did not benefit from the command structure because the ground forces were located in the area of operations while the commands were in the Persian Gulf and in Tampa, Florida.U.S. ground forces The ground forces in Afghanistan were under the United States Central Command (CENTCOM) led by General Tommy Franks stationed in MacDill AFB, Florida. Command structure is one of the most important aspect of any operation, and from here the chain of command splits into multi commands with no clear control structure. We will write a custom essay sample on Command structure is one of th or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This command structure caused breaks in communication affecting the basics of war such as surprise and maneuver. Richard Kuglers take on command structure is A hallowed principle of war is unity of command that is military campaigns and battles should be commanded by a single senior officer with the authority and staff assets to blend the operations of all components into a single, cohesive plan (Kugler, 2007). Army Maj. Gen. Franklin Hagenbeck the commander of the 10th Mountain Division, led Task Force Mountain, and his boss was Lieutenant General Paul Mikolashek, head of all land forces in the theater. General Mikolashek ran his office out of Camp Doha, Kuwait. CENTCOM named General Hagenbecks headquarters Coalition and Joint Task Force (CJTF) Mountain, in an attempt to give him additional control. In the paper Operation Anaconda Overview Hagenbeck oversaw all coalition conventional land forces, as well as some special forces, but did not command the air elements, CIA operatives or certain special operations forces in Afghanistan (Hawkins, 2013). This lack of control hurt the planning phase as well as the coordination of the mission; in the end, General Hagenbeck could only request airstrikes. Task Force 11 Task Force 11 commanded by Air Force Brigadier General Gregory Trebon, reported directly to General Franks. The task force, made up of the Army Delta Force and Navy SEALs, was a key unit for advanced force operations, conducting reconnaissance and strikes against high value targets. Task force 11 remained outside General Hagenbecks command, and communication and coordination between the two entities suffered.U.S. air component forces Lieutenant General Chuck Wald at the beginning of Operation Anaconda led U.S. air component forces; Lieutenant General Michael Moseley replaced him in early November 2001. There was not a forward air command element in Afghanistan; instead, the command ran the operation from Prince Sultan Air Base in Saudi Arabia. The lack of commanders on ground led to vast confusion during the operation. Afghan forces Afghan forces led by General Zia Lodin operated under their own command structure not following the typical Army principles. Afghan commanders, Kamal Khan (K-Khan) and Zakim Khan (Z-Khan) would led their forces and would hold key blocking positions. The Afghan forces were deliberately left out of planning for the battle and informed of the operation only at the last possible moment in order to enhance operational security (Edgar Fleri, Ernest Howard, Hukill, ; Searle, 2003). Not being under U. S. command, the Afghan forces could depart from the original plan if they wanted to. They did in some instances, and hurt the operation in doing so. Commands CENTCOM worked from FL. through two subordinate commands, the Coalition Forces Land Component Command (CFLCC) and Coalition Forces Air Component Command (CFACC). Even with the advancements of technology, there is still a requirement for a forward C2 structure that ensures proper resources are deployed, situational awareness is maintained, and tactical operations are conducted effectively (Richard L. Kugler, 2009). Commanders need to have control of the situation and have awareness, despite having the technology of today. Coalition Forces Land Component Command (CFLCC) Army LTG Paul Mikolashek led Coalition Forces Land Component Command (CFLCC) from a base in Camp Doha in Kuwait. During the planning, a senior air operations liaison was not part of the staff until just prior to the battle, and they did not involve the air component in planning for the operation. When operations launch at a distant location, there is a lack of command and control, leaving a huge variable out of the equation. Coalition Forces Air Component Command (CFACC) U.S. Air Force Lt Gen Michael Moseley led Coalition Forces Air Component Command (CFACC) from his headquarters at Prince Sultan Airbase in Saudi Arabia. Not involved in the initial planning, CFACC did not make prior arrangements for fuel before the operation started. This left them scrambling to provide the necessary support when the operation order came out, trying to obtain the necessary supplies. During the first few days of the operation, CFACC retained command authority for all strikes, eventually turning it over to TF Mountain in the last few days. Task Force Dagger Army COL John Mulholland of Armys Fifth Special Operations Group led Task Force Dagger, working with friendly Afghan troops and spotted for the air strikes. TF Dagger maintained operational control (OPCON) over their air assets, but confusion arose over who actually had tactical control (TACON) of the AC-130s. With the multi-level command structure, questions arose and clear command guidance would have saved time. Conclusion A clear and obvious command structure failed to manifest during Operation Anaconda. The mission was an overall success in terms of mission accomplishment of clearing al Qaeda fighters out of the Shah-i-Kot Valley in Afghanistan per reports. Operation Anaconda did not benefit from the command structure because the ground forces were located in the area of operations while the commands were in the Persian Gulf and in Tampa, Florida.

Commercial Negotiation In Government Vs. Private Organisations

Question: Explain on Commercial Negotiation In Government Vs. Private Organisations? Answer: Introducation The public organizations and private organizations are distinct entities based on the underpinning structure. The platform foundation including governance structure, motivations, communication strategy, integrated risk mitigation strategy, and substantial co-location has helped in differentiating these two organizations (Walker Lloyd-Walker 2015). Without a doubt, commercial negotiation in private and public sectors are different. According to Kerzner (2013), in the public organizations, the aspects of political interference are evident compared to the private organizations. Collaboration offers stakeholders an opportunity to cope with uncertainty, risk, and ambiguity through the integrated contractor and client planning, problem-solving, and action. The commercial negotiations can be successful based on the form of collaboration among the stakeholders (Walker Lloyd-Walker 2015, p. 168). The relationship-based procurement considers important characteristics including behavioral factors, processes, means, and routines to enhance the enactment of PM practices. The success of this alliance depends on the level of collaboration among the parties, which should possess relevant expertise, skills, experience, and knowledge to handle such projects (Walker Lloyd-Walker 2015). Globally, there are different forms of collaboration including Alliancing in Australia, closer relationship-based integration of supply chain, integrated project delivery, and framework agreements. In the US, an integrated project delivery is common while alliancing has been used in European countries. The need for negotiation is to help project manager avoid blames in project implementations. This is achieved through incentive arrangements, mutual dependence, consensus building, and transparency and open-book (Walker Lloyd-Walker 2015, p. 169). Although this may not be easy with other stakeholders, an authentic leadership should embrace no-blame behavior thus creates foundation supports. In motivation and context, the substrate of circumstances should promote collaboration. The parties involved in the project seem to benefit from the relational rationale or relationship because of turbulence and change. References Kerzner, H 2013, Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and control, 11th edn. John Wiley Sons, Hoboken, USA. Walker, DHT Lloyd-Walker, BM 2015, Collaborative project procurement arrangements. Project Management Institute, Newtown Square, PA.

Background To Determine Whether Or Not WinNT 4.0 Is Within Year 2000

Background: To determine whether or not WinNT 4.0 is within year 2000 compliance. From the outlined testing procedures found in the 'YEAR 2000 Testing memo', it was decided that since WinNT is an OS it is 'date sensitive'. From this, all outlined tests were performed. The data gathered is represented in table form. Equipment: To test, a Compaq Prolinea 590 was used with the latest bios installed (04/09/97). The machine had WINNT 4.0 installed with Service Pack 3.0 patch for the OS. Testing Procedure: To determine if Windows NT 4.0 would roll to the appropriate date, the control panel applet DATE&TIME(d&t) was used to change the dates. The machine d&t were set to the day before each date outlined in the memo. The machine date was changed to a control time of 11:59:45 PM in each case. The machine date was then allowed to roll to the date in question. The machine d&t was then reset to the previous date and control time. This time the machine was rebooted while the time was rolling to the date in question. In each case, after the time rolled, the date was checked to find the correct date. WinNT Explorer was then opened and a file in the 'c:\winnt' directory was changed to check whether or not a saved file corresponded with the correct date. The data from these tests is defined in the following table. 'Data & Time Tested' column are the Control values found in the memo. Both 'Post Test Date' columns are the dates found in each instance after the date rolled from the 'Date&Time Tested' column to the date in question. The 'Post Explorer check' was tested to see if the machine reported the right time. 'Post modification dates' are file dates after the file was saved to check the corresponding date. In each test, no problems with the d&t were encountered. Results: The testing actually caused several different things to happen to the OS. Whenever I rolled the date forward, The following directories changed the date associated with them: C:\Winnt, C:\Winnt\System32, C:\Winnt\Fonts, C:\Temp. This seemed strange because the machine time stamp wouldn't roll back when the time was changed backwards, but this isn't part of the test procedure. When the time actually changes the date will roll forward and stay. It won't roll backwards. I don't know if this affects the testing but it would be totally impossible to rebuild the machine each time the test was run. This would take many hours to do and it probably won't affect the data anyway. Before I started testing, I looked on the Internet to see what Microsoft said about WinNT 4.0 and the y2k problem. On this site, there are links to all Microsoft Products. For WinNT 4.0, there were 4 problems Microsoft listed as known problems. They are as follows: 1. When you set an account to expire on Feb 29,2000, User manager displays the following error. 'February only has 28 days in this year'. Taken from document Q183125 from Microsoft Tech support for Year 2000 2. Windows NT might skip a day. When rolling to new dates NT may skip several days ahead. Taken from document Q180122 from Microsoft Tech support for Year 2000 3. When you use the Winnt Find Files or folders feature, the 2-digit abbreviation of the year doesn't appear correctly. For example, if the year is set to 2001, when you click on the DATE MODIFIED tab on the Find: ALL files dialog box, the two digit abbreviation of the year appears as :1, rather that 01. Taken from document Q183123 from Microsoft Tech support for Year 2000. 4. When you define a custom property to include a date type in the Microsoft Office the year may not appear correctly. For example, in Word, if you click properties on the file menu, click the custom tab, click date in the type field, enter a value of 01/01/01, and then click add, the date appears as 01/01/1901 rather that 01/01/2001. Taken from document Q183125 from Microsoft tech support for Year 2000 (These documents are included with this report) In each case, Microsoft states that if you are having these problems, installation the next service release should fix these problems although, this release isn't available yet. During testing, I checked for

Falalalala - French Christmas Carol Lyrics

Falalalala - French Christmas Carol Lyrics Falalalala is the French version of Deck the Halls. They are sung to the same tune, but the lyrics are quite different. The translation given here is the literal translation of the French Christmas carol. Que lon chante quon sapprà ªteFa la la la la, la la la laSonnez pipeaux et trompettesFa la la la la, la la la laCar cest la joie quon apporteFa la la, la la la, la la laOuvrez donc grandes vos portesFa la la la la, la la la la.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let us sing let us get readyFa la la la la, la la la laRing pipes and trumpetsFa la la la la, la la la laSince its joy that we bringFa la la, la la la, la la laOpen your doors wideFa la la la la, la la la la Dans les villes et les villagesFa la la la la, la la la laRà ©pandons notre messageFa la la la la, la la la laProclamons la joie profondeFa la la, la la la, la la laQue Dieu a donnà © au mondeFa la la la la, la la la la   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In cities and townsFa la la la la, la la la laLet us spread our messageFa la la la la, la la la laLet us proclaim the profound joyFa la la, la la la, la la laThat God has given the worldFa la la la la, la la la la Voici les cloches qui sonnentFa la la la la, la la la laQue le nouvel an nous donneFa la la la la, la la la laUn coeur rempli de tendresseFa la la, la la la, la la laCest la plus belle richesseFa la la la la, la la la la   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Here are the clocks chimingFa la la la la, la la la laMay the new year give usFa la la la la, la la la laA heart full of tendernessFa la la, la la la, la la laIts the most beautiful wealthFa la la la la, la la la la

Does Strurcture of Human Resource Managment Enhance Employee Essay - 1

Does Strurcture of Human Resource Managment Enhance Employee Creativity - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that human resource management has implied the development and advise on policies that relate to the effective use of personnel that is in an organization to ensure there is an achievement of goals in the organization through the available personnel. The human resource also ensures that there is the employment of the right balance of skills and experiences. The management can involve training and development of the opportunities that are available to the performance and achieving the business aims. There are factors in organizations through human resource management have used in enhancing creativity among employee. The factors include planning for employees, putting up strategies, and training. The article brings about the identification of many factors that may stimulate or suppress the innovative aspects of the employees. The factors that have been identified to affect the innovative aspects include leadership that is available in the org anization, organization culture, and design and investments that are made in other sectors of the organization. Innovation is an important aspect in the management of employees in an organization. Arguments that have been made by scholars that organization management should be made to motivate behaviors that ensure there is the successful implementation of the overall strategy. Human resource management has been identified as the core, which is critical in the attainment of innovative strategic goals and with the specific human resource that is designed to encourage creativity and innovative behaviors of employees in an organization. The argument in this perspective is that innovation and creativity in an organization should be an important goal that is to be achieved for all sectors of employees. The degree of creativity in employees, however, may differ. Structure of human resource in an organization is important in enhancing creativity.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Marketing - Essay Example The product reflects the efforts of the firm to respond to the needs of all consumers in terms of hair care. The position and the prospects of the firm in the Australian market are explored through the marketing mix model, which involves in the examination of the product, pricing, distribution and promotion, as elements of the marketing strategy used for the promotion of the product in the above market. 1.1 Current Product When referring to product as an element of the marketing mix model, a series of issues have to be mentioned: apart from the product, as a physical unit, its appearance and the brand name are also important in order to decide the position of the product in its market (Lamb et al. 2008). From a similar point of view, it could be stated that the term ‘product’ as used in the marketing mix model encompasses the ‘goods-and-services combination the company offers to the target market’ (Kotler et al. 2010, 76). ... The product is part of a series of products aiming to help consumers who have frizzy hair; these products (hairspray, mousse and creme) are part of the firm’s ‘Straight & Glossy Styling range’ (Schwarzkopf, 2011). The package of the product is well designed highlighting the key advantages of the product. Schwarzkopf & Henkel is a well-known firm in the global cosmetic industry. The firm’s products are available in the markets of 125 countries worldwide (Schwarzkopf, 2011). The brand name of the firm is quite known, representing products of high quality. In this context, the specific product has many chances to succeed in the Australian market, a market which is strongly related to the specific company – in accordance with the corporate website ‘Schwarzkopf was first available in Australia in 1961’ (Schwarzkopf, 2011). Consumers in Australia are expected to prefer this product from the ones of the competitors because of its brand name-whi ch is synonymous with quality. 1.2 Current Pricing The price of the product is of critical importance for its success within a particular market. In accordance with Baker et al. (2007) the role of price in the success of a product is not standardized. Because of the increased competition in terms of pricing, the prices of products can present a high variation. Moreover, firms worldwide are likely to set different criteria for competing their rivals, for example, the quality of the product or the strategies used for its promotion within the targeted market (Baker et al. 2007). On the other hand, the management of pricing of a product can have many aspects being related to the legal rules related to the particular industry or the

Tobacco advertising should be banned Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tobacco advertising should be banned - Essay Example â€Å"Each year smoking kills some 431 000 people in the community, 110  000 of them in Britain† – such lamentable statistics is suggested by Vickers (p. 1995). Hence, addiction to cigarettes remains to be an important and relevant problem for people in Europe and this problem may be straightforwardly related to tobacco advertising. It is definite fact that tobacco advertising should be banned and such kind of publicity for product which kills people’s lungs and takes away its lives should be prohibited. Actually, â€Å"in 1999, the European Parliament approved a ban on all forms of advertising for tobacco products† (K.M. Lancaster and A.R. Lancaster, 41). This decision is considered to be appropriate and wholesome. There are some straightforward reasons for such an idea and they are absolutely logical and reasonable. The essential point which is worse to mention is stopping children to become addicted to the cigarettes. It is suggested that five of six adult smokers commence this horrible addiction at the age of sixteen (Vickers, p. 1995). This is the time of rebellion and adolescent extremist orientations. Children in that age do not realize all consequences and harmfulness of cigarette addiction. And three influential factors which induce young people to smoking addiction due to Nelson (808) are: They all are connected and presuppose young person to harmful habits like smoking for example. Advertisements itself is related to social environment sphere as we can observe them everywhere in the streets, on television or newspapers. We are a consuming generation, so advertisements are considered to be our environment. At the same time an appealing advertisement may attract attention of young generation and encourage them to buy a pack of cigarettes. Such advertising compose a wrong perception of what cigarettes are and what implications their usage may cause. Moreover, advertising campaigns create false

Comparision Of Ssadm And Ethics Using Nimsad

Comparision Of Ssadm And Ethics Using Nimsad In this chapter, we going to describe and compare two interesting methodologies named ETHICS Effective Technical and Human Implementation of Computer-based Systems. and SSADM (Structured System Analysis and Design Methodologies). ETHICS is a methodology used to solving problem in various field in ethical approach and SSADM is a methodology used to solve problem in Information System. Here there is a comparison between these two methodologies to understand what are the process undertake in those methodologies. There is also discussion about some limitations as well as benefits of two methodologies. For comparing those two methodologies NIMSAD method is used. NIMSAD (Normative Information Model-based Systems Analysis and Design) is a framework which is mainly used for evaluating methodologies. NIMSAD methodology will use four elements to evaluate those methodologies. These methodologies have several advantages as well as several disadvantages, so here there is a discussion about that i n details. Here there is also having description about how the development process is going on in both the methodologies. When evaluating these methodologies we discuss about the problem situation, who is the problem solvers and Problem solving process. ETHICS: ETHICS is an acronym that has an ethical approach to solving problem. ETHICS is introduced by Enid Mumford (Manchester Business School) in the year 1969. Since then, ETHICS was used intensively in both industry and health service (Mumford, 2003). ETHICS is mainly support human Participation (Avison Fitzgerald, 1995) and also it has Socio-Technical Character. During the development process, Ethics helps to the users to find it easier to accept the new system and also help them to get involve into the new system. Due to this, Job efficiency will increase and also leads to higher job satisfaction. The past traditional systems are considered only about economic and technical factor, so it leads to get failure. This led to the appearance of a socio-technical approach, according to which, a system to be successful and effective it has to fit close with the social and organizational factors (Mumford, 1983). The objectives of ETHICS are to create effective, efficient and acceptable Systems. ETHICS also ensure that the design task achieves good organizational design and technical design. ETHICS ask the development people to communicate and share their ideas with team membes.This will brings efficient output at the end. ETHICS methodology is mainly looking for job satisfaction and both short and long term efficiency. It mainly helps to find problems of existing systems and setting efficiency and social objectives for new system. Finally design the new system and implement it. To perform these process, ETHICS group consist of managers, users and technical experts. Ethics Methodologies consist of some stages to create a new system efficiently and effectively. Those stages are explained below step by step: Step 1: Why Change? The design group is finding the drawbacks in current systems and discusses to get answer for the question why do we need to change? (Mumford, 1993). This gives answer to the design group that why they going for new system. Step 2: System Boundaries This step mainly used to identify the boundaries and how boundaries are connected with other systems and also how it interacts with other systems. Step 3: Description of Existing System In this step, design group members all should understand how the existing system works. Before starting to develop new system, they should have knowledge about existing system to start new one perfectly. Step 4: Definition of Key Objectives: The main aim of this stage is to identify the main objectives for the design group to develop new system. Depend on this objective only they will start to do work. Step 5: Definition of Key Tasks In this step, they will identify the main task which they have to follow. These tasks will be helpful to achieve the above planned objectives. Step 6: Key Information Needs This step mainly used to identify the information needed to carry out the tasks. Step 7: Diagnosis of Efficiency Needs Here the design groups identify the weak links in old system and have to prepare document for that weak link. Weak links are in the existing system which prone to error. These drawbacks are eliminated when developing the new system. People who all are outside the team can also find efficiency needs and they will involve in the development process. Step 8: Diagnosis of Job Satisfaction Needs ETHICS mainly aims to achieve high job satisfication and also it identify the user needs and search the ways to satisfy the user needs. This step will give oppertunity to other people to involved in the development process. Step 9: Future Analysis When developing the new system, development people should not concentrate only to overcome the existing problem. They also have to concentrate about future need that should useful be useful for different environment in future. . Step 10: Specifying and Weighting Efficiency and Job Satisfaction Needs and Objectives This step says that everyone in the organization should involve for development process to fulfill the objectives. Mumford finds that this step is very important in this methodology. Step 11: Organizational Design of the New System This step will helpful to satisfy the objectives and to achieve job efficiency. This step is said as logical and conceptual design for the new system. Step 12: Technical Options The physical design of the new system is used in this stage. After investigating and evaluating technical options, finally some options are most suitable to fulfill the project objectives. Step 13 Preparation of Detailed Design Work Here the new is designed in detail and they will prepare perfect documentation from previous steps. The task and responsibilities are allocated to the several groups. All developing people will have effective relationship when they doing the process. Step 14 Implementation This is the most important stage. After developing the successful project, developing team should implement the new project. Step 15 Evaluation After implementation, the system will evaluate to ensure the new system satisfy the objectives. The system should be efficient and effective. SSADM: SSADM is a water fall method that flows a structured approach to the analysis and design of information systems. SSADM is mostly concerned with describing data and processes through data flow diagram. In the year 1981, SSADM is used as mandatory method in UK for their project development. Later other countries and most private organization start to use SSADM (Ashworth et al, 1990). It is an efficient method to explain description in dataflow model. SSADM helps the project development team to understand the following questions: 1) What is to be done? 2) When is to be done? 3) How is to be done? 4) Where the resultant informs is to be documented? (Bentley et al, 1995) The basic assumption that systems have an underlying, generic, data structure which changes very little over time (Ashworth et al, 1990). This is called as data-driven method. There are several SSADM techniques available all grouped together and form framework of sequent stages. These stages will have many inputs and it will get corresponding outputs (Aktas, 1987; Ashworth et al, 1990; and others). The framework has some component like Structures, Techniques and Documentation. Structures will define all the stages in development process. Techniques shows how development team implemented there product. And the documentation will contain details of the development process. It will be used for references in future (Ashworth et al, 1990; Bentley et al, 1995). The users should need experience and help from developers to use this application. SSADM approach consists of two phases. They are: 1) System Analysis phase 2) System Design phase In System Analysis phase, there are three modules. Those modules are used to study the proposed system and finding requirement by analysing current system. Then they will set possible solutions for the system requirement. Until getting technical options, they have to analysis the requirement. In system design phase, after getting technical solutions developers will look for logical design. After finding logical design it transformed to systems physical design and to get physical design they will use different methods and techniques (Ashworth et al, 1990). The SSADM methodology consists of seven stages. Every stage is followed by reviewing to assure that the goals were achieved. Now we can see detail view about those stages. Stage 0: Feasibility Study In this stage, development team analysis and determine about the project is possible by the technologies and they determine whether project is financially justified or not. Here they will define the problem statement. The project should accepted by all people not only users and development team. They will set boundaries and analyses the problem and the boundaries are set by using data flow diagram. Stage 1: Investigation of Current Environment This stage is to analysis the requirement. In this stage, analysts understand system requirements and interviews employees and users about how to fulfill the requirements. They will also studies previous documentation for the reference. If there is no feasibility, they will investigate feasibility here. Stage 2: Business System Option Business system option is one of the requirement analysis stages. This stage will define boundaries of the solution and also define input and output. The transformation of the data all processed inside the system. Business system option will be founded in the previous stage and it may be the solution for system requirements. Analyst will collect some business system options and show to the client. Client will select any one from that. During this Stage 3: Requirements Definition This is requirement specification stage and it will be used to combine outcomes from first stage with selected business system option. It will lead to develop specification of the system. The specification will say that what the system going to do. Stage 4: Technical System Option Technical system option will be same like business system option but here they will have number of implementation options. In those implementation options developers will select most suitable solution. This option is evaluated by system performance, financial and time needed to implement the system, etc. This is logical system specification and it will be last stage of the analysis phase. Stage 5: Logical Design Last stage have been analysis about the logical deign but stage 4 only concentrate on technical implementation. This stage will have details about human factor. The designers will decide how the system has to interact with user. Output will be in commands, User interfaces and menus. Stage 6 Physical Design This is the final stage of SSADM methodology, In which implementation process will take place. Here developers will connect all outcomes of previous stages and give final output of the system. So finally developing team will pass the project to implementation. NIMSAD: Before comparing above methodologies we can see details about NIMSAD methodology and its elements. NIMSAD is a Meta framework that is used to evaluate the methodologies, structures, etc. This is special methodology for Information system development methodologies. But it will used in wide area. Methodology is defined as an explicit way of structuring (rationalizing) thinking and action, involving both critical and creative thinking (Jayaratna, 1994, p. xi). NIMSAD framework uses four elements to evaluate methodologies. The four elements are: 1) Problem Situation 2) Intended problem solver 3) Problem solving process 4) Evaluation In evaluation, it will evaluate all other three elements. Evaluation consist of two parts, they are internal evaluation and external evaluation. Internal evaluation means that it evaluates the methodology which is planned itself. External evaluation will consider about feedback, industrial reference, etc. Problem Situation: Here Organization will act as a framework for the information systems. It will found efficiency of Information systems. During the development process they will have interaction between the development members as shown in figure. Here they will investigate or examine about the present problems situation. FIGURE: 1 Intended problem solver: Intended problem solver also called as methodology user. The success of the project is mainly depending on problem solver. Even though methodology is more efficient, the successful implementation is depending on problem solver. The problem solver is not only from the organisation, they may be from outside the organisation. The problem solver may be designer, implementer, consultant or, etc. Problem solver will think in different view of methodology to make it efficient. FIGURE: 2 Problem solving process: Problem solving process is mainly used in all the methodologies. Without this element we cant perform any operation. In this process, they will consider about analysing and evaluating about existing system and finding problems in the existing system. Here they will maintain all process through either in diagrams or by documentation. After finding problems then they will analyse about requirement of the project and then after getting system requirement they will start to design the project. Then finally have to implement the new sytem to the environment. It should accept by society and it should be efficient to all people who all are can use the project. In problem solving process, there are three phases and these phases have divided into some sub stages as given below: 1) Problem formulation Stage 1 Understanding the situation of concern Stage 2- Performing the diagnosis Stage 3 Defining the prognosis outline Stage 4 Defining problems Stage 5 Deriving notional systems 2) Solution Design Stage 6 Performing conceptual/logical design Stage 7 Performing physical design 3) Design implementation Stage 8 Implementing the designs These three phases are mainly used for analysis, design and implementation of the project. Problem formulation: In first phase, Development team will find the boundary and analysis about the project. They will analysis about what are the problem will occur and finds solutions for that problem. In Problem formulation they will understand the concept of new system. Without having knowledge of new system they will not start to do work. Solution Design: In Solution design phase, logical design and physical design are take place. Here they will design as they planned in the previous phase with logical and physical design technique. Without completing first phase they wont come for second phase. Design implementation: In this phase, the designed project is implemented. Comparison of ETHICS SSADM: As said earlier, this section will have compare of both ETHICS and SSADM methodologies by using NIMSAD method. Problem Situation: To get an efficient output at the end, problem situation is one of the very important elements in ETHICS methodology. Here the developers in organisation all are communicate and share their thoughts each other and they will analyse about why they going for the new system. They will also find what the drawbacks are in present system. Here they will identify the boundaries, which are interacts with other systems. In SSADM methodology, analysts investigate about the problems with client. The analysts will be the technical person. By investigating the problem they will determine whether it is possible by technology or not. They will have all problem descriptions in data flow diagram, which is used to identify problem easily. During this stage, will have interview with both users and employees to analyse about the problem. When comparing with ETHICS, here they will analyse about client problem that means they will interact with client about their problems. Where in ETHICS, team analyse about existing systems drawbacks to overcome present situation. In SSADM, they only use dataflow diagram for reference but in ETHICS they will maintain detail description drawback of existing system. Intended problem solver: In ETHICS, each and every member in the project development as well as outside the project management team is all problem solvers. Here to improve the efficiency of the project, members from outside the project management team also involved in development process. They will identify the weak links in old system and inform to the development team. Everyone in the team as well as people from outside the team identifies the user needs and they will search the ways to fulfil the user requirement. So that outcome will be very efficient and it will satisfy the user needs. The developers and project managers are the problem solvers in SSADM methodologies. SSADM methodology mainly depends on technical aspects. So only developers only can think about situation and can analyse about problems. Here new users cant understand anything perfectly, so new users should need help from some experienced technical people. These problem solvers also need social skills to make project very efficient. When comparing SSADM with ETHICS, Other people (outside the team) cant involve into the process. In SSADM, only technical members in a team only can interact but in ETICHS members from outside the team are also the problem solver. Problem solving process: Stage 1 Understanding the situation of concern In ETHICS, team members and managers should understand what problem is present in the present system. Without understanding problems, they cant set objectives and they cant start to develop the new system. As discussed earlier, here project team find the answer for the question why do we need to change?(Mumford, 1993). Here the users, managers and technical peoples are all identify and originate the problem (Jayaratna, 1994). They will refer the old documentation and analyse the existing system for understanding about the drawbacks. In SSADM, They will construct the boundaries for understanding the problems. Dataflow diagrams are very helpful to construct the boundaries. Its very difficult to understand everything using DFD diagram, so this process are establishes the hidden boundaries. In this stage, ETHICS also construct the boundaries and they will connect boundaries with other system to communicate or share the boundaries. So both methodologies are constructing boundaries to get clear idea about project Stage 2- Performing the diagnosis In ETHICS, two dynamic processes are interacts with each other. First process is situation of concern; here they will understand the problem in existing system and second process is problem solvers idea. Here problem solvers will also identify weak links and inform to development team, they will prepare document for the weak link. Here they will give problem situation in diagrammatic view that helps to problem solver to identify the problems. They will also refer the existing systems document to understand about the problem solution. Dataflow diagram is mainly used in SSADM methodology. This diagram is very useful give clear idea about how formal data are flow. These dataflow diagrams will say how data is processed and also have details about logical data model and logical data flow model. In this stage they will indicate only regularly or frequently used pattern. So in ETHICS there will be clear idea about situation because they will maintain full document perfectly and clearly. But in SSADM only dataflow model representation so it is not efficient when comparing to that methodology. Stage 3 Defining the prognosis outline Prognosis is a process used to understand reasoning for change. It is not full description of new project. So in ETHICS, developers, managers and users should understand why they going for new system. Without reason or drawback they will not going for new system (as discussed earlier). Here developing team should analysis about drawback of existing system. This step is key step for newly proposed system. If there is no reason for developing new project then they will stop planning to develop the new one. Where in SSADM, prognosis is not necessary because new system will develop depend on client requirement. So client only know what they want. But here client will choose different Business Systems Options depend upon their needs. So in this step SSADM will be deferring from ETHICS methodology. Stage 4 Defining problems Defining problems is a stage used to identify gap between current state and wanted new state. Here developing team will examine what the things are missing in current state. So that they can rectify problem in desired state and this stage is depend on both diagnosis and prognosis. In ETHICS, developing team will analyses about how existing system works and what are the drawbacks available. Then they will find why they going for new project. Depend on problem definition only team members can set key objectives for the new systems. In SSADM, very early they will define the problem in feasibility study. Even they are defining the problem they are not clear because they dont have prognosis. Depend upon user requirement only they going to develop the new system. But in ETHICS they should define the problem before start to develop the new system. Here they dont have clear idea about why they going for change in current system because client only know about all details. Stage 5 Deriving notional systems: Deriving notional systems is a process used to identify requirement of a system. If system requirement is identified then it is more possible to conversion of current state to desired state. In ETHICS, they first investigate what are the drawbacks to overcome and then they will analyse about whether system requirement want to change or dont want to change. Here they will also analyse about technical options like hardware, software, etc. If they have enough requirements already they will start to do work. The requirements are gathering from the client in SSADM methodology. So this will be heavy advantage in this stage. After collecting requirement from client, developers will start to investigate about requirements and weather it is possible to complete the task or impossible. If they have all system requirements and other requirement then they will start to develop the new system. When developing new system, each and every time they will shows to client to check feedback from them. It is easier way to understand what the client wants. Stage 6 Performing conceptual/logical design: Most of the methodologies are using dataflow diagram, Logical data diagram, ER diagram for explain the process and define roles for individuals. The DFD is mainly used to say the information is passing and logical data diagram used to show what information is stored and how it is interacting. This diagram is mainly used in SSADM because that methodology mainly depend on diagrammatic view when comparing to ETHICS. This stage is much similar to conceptual/ logical analysis. In order to increase efficiency and to achieving objectives this stage will be useful. But in ETHICS, they will prepare documentation to have details about developing project. They mostly will not use diagrammatic representation like DFD and ER diagram but have all details in documentation. This stage will used to achieve job efficiency and it will satisfy the objectives. This stage will be more helpful to SSADM methodology because this methodology will mostly use DFDs to describe the process. SSADM is also useful for structured dialogues. The logical diagnosis diagram is modified to get this design and the diagnosis diagram is modified depend upon users requirement. In ETHICS this stage mostly not useful but in SSADM methodology this stage will be very helpful. Stage 7 Performing physical design: This stage is mainly used to understand about what are the things require for developing new project. Here in ETHICS they will investigate and evaluate the available technical option like Hardware, Software and User Interfaces, etc. This stage will be very useful the achieve the objectives. In SSADM methodology, here developers will use all the stages to get final design. This stage is mainly depending on technical side. End of these stage programmers will start to develop the project and implementation process also will start. But ETHICS methodology used to in all field where as SSADM is mainly focussing on technical side. So it is very big drawback in SSADM. Stage 8 Implementing the designs: This stage is final to give successful project to the environment. After implementing they have to train the users to say how to use the system and then integrate the new system into the environment. In ETHICS, depend upon the requirement they will use several tools and they will implement the project. We cant say specific stages to implement the project because requirement will be defer from each and every project. In SSADM, depend on user requirement they will develop the project and implement it. Evaluation: After implementing the project, finally have to evaluate that because simple execution of methodology is not efficient. It should be more helpful and it should be efficient in environment. Evaluation is mainly used to find what are the things have to change in new system and why they have to change the system. Problem situation, problem solvers, problem solving process these are the elements going to evaluate here. After developing the project it will evaluate how the methodology helps to develop that particular project. When evaluating these elements if they not satisfy with any process means they will start to do from first stage. At initial stage they will evaluate everything and plan to do project and also there is a chance to evaluate during the developing stage. As discussed earlier, in ETHICS after finishing implementation they will start to evaluate because they have to know whether new system is effective or not. And also they will evaluate whether it satisfy the objectives or not. If something is missing from objectives means they will start to rework the project and then re-evaluation will take place until they satisfy with their development. Where in SSADM there is no evaluation is take place because there is no objective to the developers. Here the developers are show the output of each stage to client and get feedback from them. So it wills satisfy the client in that way. Developing team no need to evaluate those things here. Conclusion: This above report is compared very important and interesting methodology named SSADM and ETHICS. Both methodologies are very useful in different fields. But ETHICS is mostly used in wide area but SSADM is for Information Systems. These two methodologies will have several benefits and also have several drawbacks. In both methodologies, people who are in developing team should need experience to develop the project. Without experience if they started to do develop then it will leads to failure. In this section, there is a comparison between two methodologies in several ways. In ETHICS mostly developing people will maintain document for having detail about developing process and for describing drawbacks, etc. but in SSADM they will use dataflow diagram for maintaining details and for showing operation flow. But these DFDs are not useful for different type of problem like web application, decision support, etc. In SSADM structured approach are used for designing and modelling but ETHICS is fully uses organisational framework. SSADM will have feasibility, analysis, logical design and physical design and Ethics will give job satisfaction as well as it will improve efficiency. SSADM will use waterfall model(Software Development Life Cycle model) in designing stage. So that at the end of development process they will prepare document for reference. In ETHICS, according to Objectives they will start to do work and also they will follow fifteen stages. According to that fifteen stages developers will develop the new system. SSADM is very costly for larger project and also have to write several docmentation for maintaining. But the documentation is not worthfull because they will have mostly diagramatic representation. ETHICS will also maintain the document but it will have full details clearly. In ETHICS they will develop project according to organisation objectives, so they itself analyse about present situation and going for new one. For example, In real time world microsoft introducing MS-Word in different version. Each and every version will overcome the drawback of existing version. In SSADM, client will give requirement so they have to analyse about that according to that developers have to start to develop. In ETHICS, outside the team members also act as a problem solver due to this the output will be very efficient. In SSADM only developers are the problem solver because they only will have knowledge about technical side. When comparing ETHICS with SSADM, ETHICS will look like very efficient methodology because that methodology widly used for different field. Even it having several advantage some disadvantage also available in this. people should communicate with each other and have to share idea in every stage. In SSADM drawbacks are high cost as well as need communication with experience person to gain knowledge. It not suitable for all kind of systems.

The Obstinate Toy Soldier in Mere Christianity Essay example -- C.S. L

In C.S. Lewis' book Mere Christianity, The Obstinate Toy Soldier is a chapter with good points. Lewis takes his reader step by step through this chapter. In paragraph one he talks about how humans are consumed with the here and now, so people do not really think about what would have happened if humans never fell. Paragraph two is about how natural life and spiritual life are not just separate, but opposing sides. Lewis says this because people are born one way and God wants them another way. If these two sides, natural and spiritual life, combined then the way people normally do things would be destroyed in the process. It is like the analogy about the people who were brought up dirty and are afraid to take a bath. Lewis states in paragraph three that if we were to try and make a toy soldier human, that the toy would not see it as helping it, but as trying to destroy it. In some ways people see God this way even though he is trying to save our souls. Paragraphs four and five shed so me light on who Jesus was. According to C.S. Lewis he was a real man of particular attributes and ever...

The World’s Wife ‘Little Red-Cap’

How true would it be to say that ‘Little Red-Cap’ is representative of the body of Carol Ann Duffy’s collection ‘The World’s Wife’? Duffy includes a range of themes, which are portrayed in an idiosyncratic way within the collection ‘The World’s Wife’. Most prominently ‘Little Red-Cap’ focuses on the issues of female dominance whilst contrasting it with female exploitation. Alongside, qualities of ambition and independence Duffy can represent her female characters as significant and therefore hinder men’s reputation in the current patriarchal society.This point is further elucidated by Michael Woods who stated ‘the poet fuses these ideas to reinforce the unremitting nullity that is forced upon many women when they are required to take a man's name in place of their own. In fact, the central theme of The World's Wife is encapsulated in this critique upon male arrogance. ’ [1]. Particularly this is something Duffy concentrates on in ‘Queen Herod’, ‘Mrs Rip Van Winkle’, ‘Thetis’ and ‘Mrs Aesop’ alongside ‘Little Red-Cap’. In order to intensify the value of women in society Duffy typically portrays her female characters as more dominant than the males.In ‘Little Red-Cap’ the adolescent’s control is clear especially in the final and penultimate stanzas as the twist on the original tale of Little Red Riding Hood ‘I took an axe to the wolf as he slept, one chop’ gives the narrator the power to dominate over the controlling, male character. Her impatience to escape the wolf’s rugged seduction is especially evident from Duffy’s use of enjambment between these two stanzas where she ‘took an axe / to a willow to see how it wept’.Further her power is apparent from the last line, ‘singing, all alone’, as Duffy explicates the satisfaction with her t riumphant victory over the dark character without the assistance from the hero, typically being a male character. Duffy identifies the problem in which men are portrayed in ‘Queen Herod’ where women commonly see men, deceptively, as a ‘Hero’, ‘Hunk’, ‘the je t’adore’ and showing that this is a problem by incorporating the negatives in contrast, such as ‘The Wolf’, ‘The Rip’, ‘The Rat’.In comparison, the humorous pun used in the final stanza of ‘Mrs Aesop’ portrays the female as over powering through the trenchant ridiculing of the male’s ‘little cock that wouldn’t crow’. Following this, the witty threat; ‘I’ll cut off your tail, all right, I said, to save my face’, which refers to the Bobbit case where his wife cut off his penis, is suggestive of threatening the same act upon him, which ‘shut him up’ and she Ã¢â‚¬Ë œlaughed last, longest’ proving how much control Mrs Aesop has over her husband.Comparatively, there is a distinct semantic field of power in ‘Queen Herod’ from the use of phrases such as ‘I swore’, ‘Do it’ and ‘I sent for the Chief of Staff’, showing the power, and confidence in that power, that Queen Herod has over the male characters. Perhaps this portrayal by Duffy is to influence women that this attitude can be acceptable and possible in our modern day society. Despite this, Duffy contrasts the power of the female gender with the exploitation of females in society.The wolf in ‘Little Red-Cap’ is alluring whilst his chin beholds a hidden sign of adulthood; ‘red wine staining’. The last line of the second stanza ‘he spotted me, sweet sixteen, never been, babe, waif, and bought me a drink’ elucidates the overpowering control the wolf has over the adolescent. It is considerably regarde d as an issue as the adolescent initially sees the wolf as seductive rather than threatening, as seen in most modern day relationships. Perhaps here Duffy is attempting to inform the reader of the dangers of growing up too fast in the company of an influential man.Particularly, in ‘Mrs Rip Van Winkle’ the female ‘sank like a stone’ as if drowning, which creates a traumatic and confining image where the narrator has lost control and explicates her failure. The use of ‘still’ in the extended metaphor ‘I sank like a stone into the still, deep waters of late middle age’ suggests a sense of calmness contrasting with the panic of drowning in from experiencing the menopause. This contrasts gives off the suggestion that it is only the woman that changes meanwhile the rest of the world remains ‘still’ and composed.This is compared with ‘Thetis’ where female exploitation is extremely acknowledged. Similarly, the wif e of Thetis ‘shrank’ and ‘sank’ herself to escape the controlling power of the male character. Identifying this issue allows the reader to regard it seriously thus influencing the reader, which is most likely to be female, to share feminist views and condemn the male population. ‘Little Red-Cap’ especially consists of the themes ambition and independence whilst growing up.The story of ‘childhood’s end’ is the transition from innocence to experience with a journey of impetuous turmoil to find love, passion, sex and independence. For Little Red-Cap, poetry is the reason why she chooses ambition because of its richness, the mystery of its ambiguity and the wolf (the dark, mysterious character) can provide this for her. Perhaps, for Little Red-Cap, growing up is poetic and therefore desirable. This can easily be compared with ‘Mrs Rip Van Winkle’ who, ‘while he slept’, found adventure in her life.As she explains ‘I found some hobbies for myself’ it is evident that she is thinking only of what she wants from the use of personal pronouns for the first and last words of the statement, which further portrays him as unimportant regarding her development in reaching triumph in adventure. This is especially explicated through the sibilance of ‘seeing the sights’ as it conveys these adventures as stimulating thus influencing her female readers to reach out further than their heterosexual relationship.Clearly, Duffy’s collection consists of various profound and weighty subjects and ‘Little Red-Cap’ contains the majority of the themes present in the collection. In an interview in 2005 with Duffy the interviewer, Barry Wood, identified particular poems in this collection that ‘are unashamedly set in a contemporary idiom, re-casting the old stories in terms of modern life’ allowing Duffy to ‘subvert[ing] them’ [2]. Arguab ly, the act of modernisation here allows her readers to identify with the aforementioned issues raised.This therefore allows hope for the future for women regarding their status and value as individuals rather than as simply wives or mothers. As a homosexual, Duffy’s feminist views coincided with the notably iconic statement made by Dorothy Parker; ‘heterosexuality is not normal, it’s just common’ as her collection ‘takes a very common relationship – that of man and wife – and presents a collection of poetic monologues from the perspective of the wife’ [3] in order to give the world’s wife a voice. Little Red-Cap’ has been identified as a personal account of her relationship with her ex-husband in the interview with Barry Wood as he suggestively asks ‘with a strong autobiographical investment, focusing on the idea of yourself as a young poet, asserting your independence. ’ with a reply of ‘CAD:   Yes. ’ therefore proving that the poem is reflective of Duffy’s feminist views and opinions on heterosexual relationships. The World’s Wife’ consists of providing wives of famous and infamous historic, fictional and biblical male characters a voice in society as the majority were not even considered, whilst commonly criticising the male population for its ignorance, arrogance, selfishness; the list is incessant. Because it is a personal poem Duffy’s views are most definitely included within ‘Little Red-Cap’ as are they included in the collection as a whole. Therefore the poem of subjection is representative of the collection ‘The World’s Wife’.Word count: With quotes- 1,245 Without quotes- 952 Bibliography: 1. Michael Woods critique of Queen Herod: http://www. sheerpoetry. co. uk/advanced/carol-ann-duffy/notes-on-selected-poems-advanced/queen-herod 2. Interview with Carol Ann Duffy and Barry Wood: http://www. shee rpoetry. co. uk/advanced/interviews/carol-ann-duffy-the-world-s-wife in 2005. 3. An essay written by username: doralulusparky http://www. studymode. com/essays/The-World-s-Wife-Carol-Ann-Duffy-598083. html in February 2011.

On Handling Exceptions in Delphi Exception Handling

On Handling Exceptions in Delphi Exception Handling Heres an interesting fact: No code is error free - in fact, some code is full of errors on purpose. Whats an error in an application? An error is an incorrectly coded solution to a problem. Such are logic errors that could lead to wrong function results where everything seems nicely put together but the result of the application is completely unusable. With logic errors, an  application might or might not stop working. Exceptions can include errors in your code where you try to divide numbers with zero, or you try using freed memory blocks  or try providing wrong parameters to a function. However, an exception in an application is not always an error. Exceptions and the Exception Class Exceptions are special conditions that require special handling. When an error-type condition occurs the program raises an exception. You (as the application writer) will handle exceptions to make your application more error-prone and to respond to the exceptional condition. In most cases, you will find yourself being the application writer and also the library writer. So you would need to know how to raise exceptions (from your library) and how to handle them (from your application). The article on handling errors and exceptions provides some basic guidelines on how to guard against errors using try/except/end and try/finally/end protected blocks to respond to or handle exceptional conditions. A simple try/except guarding blocks looks like: try ThisFunctionMightRaiseAnException();except//handle any exceptions raised in ThisFunctionMightRaiseAnException() hereend; The ThisFunctionMightRaiseAnException might have, in its implementation, a line of code like raise Exception.Create(special condition!); The Exception is a special class (one of a few without a T in front of the name) defined in sysutils.pas unit. The SysUtils unit defines several special purpose Exception descendants (and thus creates a hierarchy of exception classes) like ERangeError, EDivByZero, EIntOverflow, etc. In most cases, the exceptions that you would handle in the protected try/except block would not be of the Exception (base) class but of some special Exception descendant class defined in either the VCL or in the library you are using. Handling Exceptions Using Try/Except To catch and handle an exception type you would construct a on type_of_exception do exception handler. The on exception do looks pretty much like the classic case statement: try ThisFunctionMightRaiseAnException;excepton EZeroDivide dobegin//something when dividing by zeroend; on EIntOverflow dobegin//something when too large integer calculationend; elsebegin//something when other exception types are raisedend;end; Note that the else part would grab all (other) exceptions, including those you know nothing about. In general, your code should handle only exceptions you actually know how to handle and expect to be thrown. Also, you should never eat an exception: try ThisFunctionMightRaiseAnException;exceptend; Eating the exception means you dont know how to handle the exception or you dont want users to see the exception or anything in between. When you handle the exception and you need more data from it (after all it is an instance of a class) rather only the type of the exception you can do: try ThisFunctionMightRaiseAnException;excepton E : Exception dobegin ShowMessage(E.Message); end;end; The E in E:Exception is a temporary exception variable of type specified after the column character (in the above example the base Exception class). Using E you can read (or write) values to the exception object, like get or set the Message property. Who Frees The Exception? Have you noticed how exceptions are actually instances of a class descending from Exception? The raise keyword throws an exception class instance. What you create (the exception instance is an object), you also need to free. If you (as a library writer) create an instance, will the application user free it? Heres the Delphi magic: Handling an exception automatically destroys the exception object. This means that when you write the code in the except/end block, it will release the exception memory. So what happens if ThisFunctionMightRaiseAnException actually raises an exception and you are not handling it (this is not the same as eating it)? What About When Number/0 Is Not Handled? When an unhandled exception is thrown in your code, Delphi again magically handles your exception by displaying the error dialog to the user. In most cases, this dialog will not provide enough data for the user (and finally you) to understand the cause of the exception. This is controlled by Delphis top level message loop where all exceptions are being processed by the global Application object and its HandleException method. To handle exceptions globally, and show your own more-user-friendly dialog, you can write code for the TApplicationEvents.OnException event handler. Note that the global Application object is defined in the Forms unit. The TApplicationEvents is a component you can use to intercept the events of the global Application object.

Cloning Technologies and More essays

Cloning Technologies and More essays Science, in the past few years has made great strides in the field of mammal reproduction. Theyve worked for years to find out exactly what happens during a pregnancy, and also how it works. Weve come so far in these stages as to gain the knowledge needed to make oral contraceptives. However, I am not writing this report to enlighten you on these subjects, or to debate the ethical issues of them. This report is focusing on the creation of life, not the destruction of one. Up until a few years ago, weve only known one way to reproduce, but now, thanks to the research and endless hours of experiments by those dedicated to finding out if it really is possible another way, there is a new method of reproduction called cloning. Im not going to debate the moral issues of this subject, but rather tell you how its achieved. There are two methods of cloning. The first, called embryo cloning, has been achieved years before in frogs, other amphibians, mammals, and once it was tried with humans, however both attempts to do this with the humans failed. The second method of cloning is achieved by using an adult cell, not an embryo. To do this scientists remove an egg cell from a female, and remove the chromosomes, nucleus, etc, leaving no way for the mother interfere with the genetic part of the reproduction. However, the parts of the egg cell needed for cell growth and development are left intact. The cell from an adult mammal is then taken away from its owner. Being placed in a cure dish, the cell is starved of nutrients, but is still kept alive. The reason for this: the cell must stop dividing in order for cloning to take place. The nucleus from this cell is removed. The nucleus and the egg cell are placed next to each other, and electrical charges are emitted into them. These electrical charges m ake the two fuse, or combine together. After about 6 w ...

Organization behavior case study----enterprise Study

Organization behavior ----enterprise - Case Study Example The company has adopted an involving business system whereby they try to cater for every customer’s needs. This includes car rentals of luxury, economy, sport and utility vehicles. This means that, in leisure scenarios, consumers would opt for sport and luxury vehicles. On the other hand, functional situations calls for economy and business oriented vehicles. This flexibility is in line with the informal approach that the management has adopted in accessing the company’s administration. This creates a disregard for hierarchy and the environment of a small company. In the broad senior level, the general managers and the board of directors coalesce their duties to entail an autocratic approach at core issues such as environmental goals. There are local offices that prop the senior management by making policies in the regular operations of the company. However, these policies should be in tandem with quality and ethical standards of the company. In the floor management, th e company has adopted a consultative approach in arriving at company’s decisions at the respective levels. In this perspective, a team of subsidiary managers participate in decision making while the branch managers endorse the particular decisions. This management approach perpetuates in every office in the sense that coordination and teamwork become crucial tools to decision making. In an overall sense, the company tries to ensure motivation through a sense of belonging, security and recognition. Feedback In spite of the fact that the company adopts a flexible approach to contacting the management, it overemphasizes on the aspect of customer satisfaction. In this perspective, the employees become a propping force to customers without having additional benefits out of the same. To begin with, the top management adopts an autocratic approach that constrains employees from questioning the management. The company has a name of making presence in many communities. The derived ben efits, to employees, out of such presence are only indirect benefits of business expansion. This heralds the employee community as a distant partner to the company’s core ambitions (Alderson, 2011). SMART goals It is vital to highlight that the company’s goals of meeting employee motivation are not specific. They define their motivational duties in terms of security, sense of belonging and recognition. However, there are particular motivational goals towards employees that help towards sustaining employees’ morale in the company. For instance, the system of the vote helps towards steering excellent performance among employees. This is because employees are able to vote, within themselves, as regards the efforts of team members towards customer’ satisfaction. In addition, it may highlight hard working members who attain the appreciation of their efforts. However, this goal of motivation faces the limitation of subjectivity and bias since members would only vote for likeable rather than competent employees. It is vital to include standards for validating such an employee. In this sense, the management shall easily identify the bias in the voting system. Besides, the management can engage a system whereby the responsible units identify employees’ efforts at single instances. This is different from the approach of whole periods that ignore single successes of potential impressive performances. For instance, it is vital to high

Does management have responsibility to provide job satisfaction to its Research Paper

Does management have responsibility to provide job satisfaction to its employees - Research Paper Example Maslows theory further explains that the low need level of needs need to be satisfied in order to avoid unpleasant consequences (Aziri, 2011). Some of these needs are food, sleep, warmth and other basic needs. For employers to meet these needs, they might probably provide food in the office to avoid unnecessary movement around the work area and probably install air conditioning to cater for the extremely hot or cold seasons. As these basic needs are met, they also start upgrading. At this point, they also feel that social and psychological needs need to be met. They start: believing in themselves and therefore, their self-esteem becomes distinct, wanting to be accepted socially, shown appreciation in the work place and they start feeling a strong sense of self-actualization to be able to develop as an employee (Luvisangra, 2012). This entire process brings about job satisfaction and increases production for the company. Incentives are also crucial for job satisfaction. Any employee who works tremendously hard in their workplace deserves to be appreciated. Incentives can be in the form of gifts, shopping vouchers, trips or the title of employee of the month (University of Alberta, 2012). Evaluations of whether or not the employees are satisfied should be conducted often. These evaluations are audits. There are many audits from financial; operational to follow up audits, but the best is the type that ensures that the emotions going round in the work place are unveiled, without necessarily identifying the names of the employees who feel a certain way. Confidentiality should be of the essence when conducting these evaluations. Audits are also supremely pertinent to examine whether security measures are effectual in the work place. The different forms of management can also affect job satisfaction considerably. There are two types of viewpoints that stand out; the classical and behavioral viewpoints. While classical management is divided into

Perceptions that consumers have for the different marketing messages Essay

Perceptions that consumers have for the different marketing messages - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the selective exposure process focuses on individuals to agree with those medium of communication that is in alignment with their views and opinions. Consumers in this selective process only go out for things that are of interest to them and oppose those things that they are against about. An example can be the fluctuations of the share prices. A drop in the share prices would affect the consumers and they may apply the selective exposure process. The selective retention process observes that consumers tend to retain those marketing messages that are of interest to them and also are favoring their opinions as well. The marketing messages that are against the opinion of the consumers do not tend to retain for long in the minds of consumers. The products advertised to consumers such as mobile phones for youngsters may be a highly attractive product and they may observe keenly the advertising done for mobile phones. The selective percepti on theory states that consumers interpret facts that they are interested in. In other words, consumers comprehend the situation the way they want to see it as. They hear what they believe in rather than what the message is actually trying to state. Therefore, in this case for different consumers, the same message may have different worth and meaning to them. For example, consumers that like to watch a lot of television may only see the advantageous side of watching television and may ignore the disadvantages that watching too much television has on humans.

Psychology Lifespan Essay Example for Free

Psychology Lifespan Essay Ellen DeGeneres never thought that announcing she was a lesbian would have been a big deal. She knew then that what she was doing would caused questions and controversy but not in a way where she would be considered the poster child for the Gay Community. The way Ellen came out to the world was a bigger shock to her than it was to her audience. This is when Ellen realized that she changed more than her own life coming out. Her fan base got bigger and her life opened up for the greater good. She felt like coming out should not change what she would be doing for humanity. On Ellen’s 50th birthday, she decided to raise money and get notice to her hometown, New Orleans, Louisiana, some help for the August 2005 Hurricane Katrina. This storm was one of the most deadly storms in United States history. During the storm the federal flood protection system failed and the levee broke, flooding 80% of the city and surrounding cities for weeks. Since Ellen had connections with many other celebrities, she used those connections to get help for her city. Brad Pitt was one of the celebrities that had a foundation going for rebuilding homes in New Orleans. With the help of Ellen putting out the foundation through her television show, Brad was able to get 150 homes built. She showed her passion for helping out when she told the world why this fundraiser was important to her. She shows that the place she looked at as home and helped made her who she was Ellen DeGeneres has been an inspiration to people for the past twelve years. Ellen’s life had just begun. Ellen DeGeneres came into the world January 26, 1956 in Jefferson, Louisiana at the Oschner Foundation Hospital. In the book, Love, Ellen: A Mother/Daughters Journey (1999), Betty Degeneres, Ellen’s mother, said that she was a miracle. Ellen’s father didn’t want anymore chidren after her brother was born, four years earlier. He thought that one child was sufficient enough. But Betty was determined to convince him that they should try again for another child. According to Lisa Iannucci (2009) Ellen was just a normal child, she played with her sibling and played outside like any other child would do at that age. She was a tomboy that wore fancy dresses and played with Barbie dolls. She once had dreams of becoming a naturalist or zoologist. She had a love and passion for animals and wanted to later join the Peace Corps to study the apes in Africa. Growing up Ellen had a fascination for great comedians such as Jack Benny, George Gorbel, and the comedy team Bob and Ray. Watching these comics entertain crowds was a little informal training of Ellen’s career in the later years. Ellen discovered the benefits of comedy when her mother divorced her dad. Her mother had been so down and depressed that Ellen knew she could cheer her up with a laugh. Ellen used this same comedic value to get through the very tough times in her life. When Ellen was sixteen she started partying, becoming rebellious, and hanging out with the wrong crowds. In her small town of Metairie, she would drink beer with her friends and stay out all night. This was her reaction to her mother getting remarried in 1974 to a salesman. Her mother wanted to remove her from the city, so the salesman got a new job in Atlanta, Texas. The DeGeneres family packed up and moved to Atlanta. While in Texas, Ellen started to fit into her new life there. Ellen started dating her first boyfriend, Ben Heath. Her brother Vance was in a band in high school and was receiving a lot of attention. Ellen wanted some of this attention that her brother was getting and was starting to have dreams of becoming famous. Ellen craved for people to like her, she wanted to try to find a way to become famous so people would like her and want to be her friend. Ellen’s family looked like the perfect family from the outside, but something dark and eerie was going on inside. Behind close doors the salesman was crude and bossy and Ellen did not like who he was. During this time Ellen’s mother found out that she had breast cancer. She ended up having a mastectomy and had to do physical therapy and rehabilitation. Betty tried to hide her cancer from Ellen but she needed Ellen’s help to recover. This is when Ellen and her mother became close. During this time of recovery, the salesman molested Ellen. She didn’t want to get her mother upset so she didn’t mention it to her, while she was recovering. When her stepfather tried to molester again, she ran away to a friend’s house. Ellen left Atlanta, Texas and move back to Louisiana with her father after she graduated high school. Once Ellen moved to Louisiana, she enrolled into the University of New Orleans, to major in Communications. Ellen soon found out that college wasn’t for her and dropped out after one semester. Ellen started to search for a career since college didn’t go as planned. During this time of finding a career, Ellen was also finding herself. She was holding another secret about her sexuality from family and friends. She was starting to feel confused about her sexuality. This could have been a result of the nuture factor. Her homosexuality could have been triggered from her stepfather molesting her. Nurture refers to the childhood and how an individual grew up (MacKinnon, 1962). She liked boys in the beginning; she had some boyfriends in the past, but she was never really attracted to men. Once Ellen figured out what sexual orientation that she was, she started dating women but still haven’t broke the news to her family. She decided to tell her mom one day while they were walking along the beach. She started to cry, not because she was afraid, but because she was now free of this secret that she was holding. Her mom embraced her and accepted Ellen’s fate. During this time that Ellen came out about her sexuality, it was forbidden doing those times. In the 1950s consensual gay sex was a felony. The gay communities were trying to fight for rights in the 1960s but were still getting tortured and shunned. Betty started to be afraid for Ellen. Being homosexual was considered to be a mental health disorder by the psychiatric community. The National Gay Task Force Foundation was founded in 1973, in New York, and worked to change the American Psychiatric Association’s grouping of homosexuality as a mental heath problem. Ellen’s brother accepted the news well, but Ellen’s father did take it very well. He later kicked Ellen out of the house, thinking that she would influence her stepsiblings. He later helped her get an apartment and admitted that he regretted what he did to her. Ellen acquired many jobs; she sold clothes, was a bartender, washed cars, shucked oysters, and wrapped gifts. Just like she knew that college wasn’t for her, these jobs weren’t satisfying her neither, she was hungry to do something more. She now knew that she wanted to make people laugh for the rest of her life. She began performing at a few small venues in New Orleans. Her routines were different than other comedians of her time such as, Eddie Murphy, Chris Rock, and Richard Pryor. The difference between them and her was he bits didn’t have vulgarity and sexual references. Ellen joked about her everyday life and experiences. She did this to relate to her audiences. Ellen started to take off in her career. She started competing in comedy competition where she placed first in the â€Å"Funniest Person in America† competition. She later went to open for a few acts in Las Vegas where the producer from â€Å"The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson† was there and asked her to come on the show. Once she performed on the Tonight Show, this put her career in overdrive and she became a superstar. She became the first female comedic to seat on the big couch on the Tonight Show. She ended up coming back on six more times in two years. She later got a minor role on Open House in 1989. It was a spin-off of the fox show Duet. She then went and filmed her first HBO special Young Comedian Reunion, in 1986. Two years later she appeared in HBO’s Women of the Night. She got a small role in the movie The Coneheads, and got her own sitcom on ABC called These Friends of Mine. Ellen revealed her true sexual preference in Time magazine April 1997 issue. In this issue she talked about her life as a gay woman and hiding who she was in the comedian community. She made her character on her television show Ellen also comes out of the closet. This caused some controversy for the Christian religion organizations. She made her first appearance publicly with her sexuality at the White House Correspondents Dinner with actress Anne Heche on her arm. In 1998 Ellen honored at the 9th Annual GLAAD Media Awards with the Stephen F. Kolzak Award. Ellen now was fighting for her lesbian life on and off the television. Her mother started to become an advocate to her daughter’s lifestyle. Betty started volunteering at the Human Rights Campaign. Her mother became the first nongay national spokesperson for the Human Rights Campaign. She was helping to encourage and assist gay people in coming out and living honestly. Her mother also became an active member of Parents, Family, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG). In 2003 Ellen started her own daytime television talk show called The Ellen Degeneres Show. People were afraid that Ellen would just bring up gay themes through out the show and didn’t want it to go on air. Once people got over the fact that Ellen was gay, her show started to skyrocket on television ratings. It was the television show that Ellen had always wanted. She could make people laugh and every loved her. In season two the show won five daytime Emmys. In 2005 Ellen won a Grammy for having the best comedy album for the audio portion of her book. She also won some awards at the People’s Choice Awards. While her show was getting good ratings, she met her current wife, Portia de Rossi. She met Portia at a photo shoot in 2004. Ellen and Portia quickly fell in love. They both ended their current relationships and started dating in 2005. They went on to get married in 2008 after California passed the Same-Sex Marriage Act. With all of Ellen’s life decisions, it had to do with her social and emotional development. She was always able to make transitions from one activity to another. Her ability to start a new when it came to her many careers before she found the right one was an example of her social/emotional development (Roeser, Eccles, Sameroff, 2000). She showed cooperation with others when she was getting ridiculed for her coming out, but she stayed humbled and didn’t let it get to her (Webb, 1994).

Huck Finn :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the book it is obvious that there are characteristics that Mark Twain either detests and despises, or respects and values them. Twain quite obviously is making fun of the undesirable characteristics such as the natural curiosity of people and also the greed for money. Although there are not many values that he respects, there is one that is shown in this book, friendship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is natural to show curiosity towards something but Mark Twain despises this characteristic and pokes fun at it. The biggest example of this trait is shown when the King and Duke are pulling a con on people with the â€Å"Royal Nonesuch.† The sign used to get people to come to the show was the first innocent sign of natural curiosity, by saying that women and children would not be admitted. The whole performance was to have King streak across the stage colored with the bright colors of the rainbow. People only laughed at first but then suddenly realized that they had been scammed out of their money. Since they did not want to look like fools they told people that the show was great and to go and see it. They pulled it off three times total before people caught on and were going to start to rebel against the King and Duke’s show. The audience was so intrigued by their flier that they showed up anyways. That shows people’s natural curiosity. M ark Twain satirizes this incident and makes fun of how curious people really are. The people’s curiosity ultimately led them to losing their money and their embarrassment made them decide not tell other citizens about how their curiosity caused them to lose their 50 cent admission price. That is the reason behind why Twain despises curiosity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A second and much worse characteristic that Twain hates is peoples general greediness. Mark Twain starts mentioning greediness very early in the book when he talks about Huck’s father, Pap. When Huck found out that Pap was alive, the first thing he went to do was give Judge Thatcher his $6000, because he knew his father would want it all. The greediness of Pap has caused his own son to hide his money from him so he will not take it, showing the lack of respect in their relationship. Even when Pap runs into Huck immediately he asks him is how much money he had on him, and Huck had to hand it over.