Bring Safe Drinking Water to the World Essay Example for Free

Bring Safe Drinking weewee to the World EssayLack of clean pee for boozing affect numerous tidy sum in every continent. Around one-fifth of the nation in the world stays in areas of physical scarceness while five hundred one million million people are utter to be approaching this situation. This line of work is more serious in Africa than in any other continent.Lack of full wet for drunkenness is explored in the accompanying paper. In this paper, results of everywherelook of clean beverage piss in Africa is assessed more so in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper withal explores the impact of irrigate scarcity on stability of Africa and the World. It that evaluates how fall in Nations drop helped solve the bother and ways in which developing countries merchantman ensure they have decent clean pee system system supply.Lack of strong water for deglutition is a one of the leading problem in the world. It has an impact on over 1.1 billion people all over the world. Safe drinking water is defined by World health Organization, United Nations Childrens Fund and Joint supervise Program for wet Supply and Sanitation as water that has microbial, physical and chemical characteristics that meet the guidelines of theme standard on quality of drinking water (Campbell, Caldwell, Hopkins, Heaney, Wing, Wilson, et al. 2013).Lack of safe drinking water is looked finished a population to water equation treated by hydrologists as 7,700 isometric meters per person. This is the thresh ancient for meet water requirement for every industrial, rural production and the environment. It is s attend to that a threshold of less than 1,000 cubic meters of water represent water scarcity and below 500 cubic meters of water represent a state of absolute scarcity.Inadequate safe drinking water is a major challenge to many countries. It is a major problem for developing countries that are racing forward towards physical limits of expansion of modern water, expa nding urban settlement, commercialization of agriculture and industrial sectors. Fresh water is a crucial re starting time in ontogeny of Africa. It is say that Africa continent has a population of 800 million people. 405 of the total population in Africa wish access to safe drinking water. It is argued that half of people living in rural areas of safe drinking water. It is reported that Sub-Saharan Africa has more water stress than other parts of the world.Sub-Saharan Africa has a population of over 320 million people have no access to quality water. It is said to be the wholly region in the world that will non be able to meet the 2015 millennium suppuration goal. In 2012, a Conference on Water scarceness in Africa issues and Challenges was presented with information that by 2030, 255 million to 760 millions in Africa will be staying in areas with high water stress (Barone, 2008).scarcity of safe drinking water has lead to poor heal in Sub-Saharan Africa. People in water dep rived areas use unsafe water that causes spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, diarrhea, typhoid fever, malaria, trachoma, typhus and plague. Scarcity of safe water forces people to respond by storing water in their fellowships. This further increases chances of water taint and spread of malaria imputable to mosquitoes.Infected people with waterborne diseases reduce chances of community development and productivity due to lack of strength. Government resources are used to buy medicine for these people. This takes away property meant for nutriment interpret, inform fees and other development projects. It is estimated by Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council that treatment of diarrhea caused by water contamination in Sub-Saharan Africa takes away 12% of countries health budget. Government in the areas bring their muscularity and part of fund allocated for other expenditures to helping people affected by lack of water at the expense of other essential servic es handle maintaining peace and security measures in the region. human beings Development report suggests that use of water by human is mainly on agriculture and irrigation. In Sub-Saharan Africa, agricultural activities account from over 80% of the total water consumption. Majority of people in this region depend on agriculture. In rural areas, 90% of families rely on producing their own food hence water scarcity leads to loss of food security.Conflict arises in this region due to policy-making interferences in irrigated land due to land tenure and ownership problems. Governments in this part of the world lack funds and skilled human resources that can support engineering science and infrastructure pick outed for good water direction and crop irrigation. Scarcity of safe water get ats people use waste water for irrigation. This makes a lot of people to eat food with disease causing organisms.Women in this part of the world are burdened by lack of clean water for drinking. Th ey are the collectors, managers as well as guardian of water in domestic spheres which include household chores such as washing, child rearing and cooking. They surpass a considerable amount of cadence fetching water (Dreibelbis, Winch, Leontsini, Hulland, Ram, Unicomb, et al., 2013). This causes a decrease in the time available for training. Their health is excessively at risk of skeletal damage caused by die harding heavy fill up of water every day over long distances. Loss of potential school days and education prevents the next generation of women from holding professional employments.Access to safe water for drinking will make women in Sub-Saharan Africa increase time allocated to education which will make them take leadership positions. Scarcity of water makes many children in this region drop out of school to help in household chores which are made more intense by lack of water. Increase in population in Africa and lack of safe water for drinking has caused a lot of str ain and mesh on dealings betwixt communities and betwixt countries.It has been argued that Nile River is a source of conflict in nine countries. Water fro Nile River is the only source of sustaining life in both Sudan and Egypt. Egyptians use military force to make sure they retain check up on over Nile River because she has no other source of water. This conflict runs from the colonial era when England textile factories depended on Sudan and Egypt agricultural activities.After the colonial era, Egypt continued to create political instability in Ethiopia. It blocked internationalist pay agencies from giving loans to Ethiopia in order to finance projects on the river. The conflict is now real because Ethiopia has now managed to carry out water projects on her own like building hydro-power dams and irrigation programs. Egypt has been reported to issue threats of war to Tanzania and Ethiopia. In 1970s, Egypt armed Somalia separatist rebels in Ethiopia in the Somali invasion. The nine involved states have had agreements and treaties in a bid to control conflict.However, treaties and agreements have resulted to inequitable rights of using water from Nile River between countries. An example is a agreement between Great Britain and Ethiopia, Emperor Menelik II, king of kings of Ethiopia. He agreed with the giving medication of His Britannic Majesty not to construct or permit wind projects across Blue Nile, the Sobat and Lake Tana in 1902. In 1906, an agreement between Britain and Government of Independent state of Congo would not construct or permit any mental synthesis of projects over or near Semliki or Isango rivet that would reduce the amount of water entering Lake Albert. In 1925, conflict between Egypt and Ethiopia escalated because Ethiopia opposed earlier agreements (Dreibelbis et al., 2013).The League of Nations demanded Italy and British government give an explanation on sovereignty of Ethiopia on Lake Tana. The League of Nations did not help res olve the conflict because at that place was no ego enforcing and reliable mechanism to protect the property rights of stakeholders which is necessary for international water development to be applied. callable to failure of United Nations to help solve the Nile basin conflict, nine riparian states formed a confederacy called Nile Basin Initiative. Its mandate is to develop Nile River in a cooperative way, sharing social-economic benefits that promote regional security and peace. World Bank agreed to support the work of Nile Basin Initiative as a development cooperator as well as an administrator of multi donor Nile Basin Trust Fund.Disputes have also erupted in Niger River Basin. Disagreements and disputes in this basin are caused by limited access to safe drinking water. The disputes are between communities in Mali, Nigeria, and Niger. River flows and rainfall have reduced from 1970s leading to tension between cardinal communities that live in the basin. The two communities a re pastoralists and farmers. Pastoralists are forced by lack of water to perish farther with their herds. On the other hand, farmers expand their cropland to take care of increasing population. This reduces pathways that are available to herdsman and their livestock. Tension increased due to poor policy decisions. In Lokoga in Nigeria, government started dredging Niger River in other(a) 2009 to increase commercial shipping (Huang, Jacangelo Schwab, 2011).The government of Nigeria argued that dredging would help reduce flooding but late farmer suffered from floods in 2010. Farmers resulted to building homes and cultivating land away from the river leading to reduction in land available for grazing. This has facilitated conflict between the two communities greatly. New dams rose built by the government of Nigeria raised ecological issues that fire hard negotiations over sharing of resources equitably in Niger Basin (Loftus, 2009). It was reported that Mali and Niger did not supp ort construction of dams across the river. Navigation of the river was also constrained by the availability of large boats when water is deep enough. humor change in Niger Basin has caused a high degree of variability in river flows, rainfall and temperature. The international community is doing little in helping the conflicting countries in the Niger Basin resolve the conflict.Scarcity of safe drinking water has also led to a lot of competition in Volta River basin. Volter River basin is said to be one of the poorest part in Africa continent and is shared by six West African states. People in the basin depend on agriculture as their means of livelihood. The population in West Africa is growing at the rate of 3% thus place pressure on water resources and land. Burkina Faso is increasing agricultural development upstream using surface resources such as water (Okun, 1991). Water development in Burkina Faso has had a negative impact on Akosombo Dam which gold coast depends on for its energy supply. In 1998, low water level caused energy crisis in Ghana which ended up blaming Burkina Faso water project. Low water levels could have been caused by other factors such as unreliable rainfall variability. irenic conflict resolutions could be hindered in the future by insufficient communication between Ghana and Burkina Faso (Ram, Kelsey, Miarintsoa, Rakotomalala, Dunston, Quick, 2007).Ghana wants to create dams for power generation while Burkina Faso plans to use water for irrigation hence causing conflicts of interest. This conflict real international community recognition which formed a major inter-governmental program to enhance regional cooperation. colour cross water for peace project was put in place to ensure full and also active involvement of representatives of civil societies across the region in generation of basins agreement, management policies and principles.Developing countries can learn form unquestionable countries on how to have adequate water s upply and sanitation facilities, management of floods, pollution, management of rivers and large dams. Ram et al. (2007) argues that good governance can help speak to the lack of safe drinking water. He further argues that good governance is essential in procuring loans and aid for water projects form international organizations like world bank, International Monetary Fund, Africa Development bank and from developed countries like Britain, Germany, china, France, united Sates of America and Russia (Rosenberg, 2010).An example of a country that applied good governance to care for water problem is South Africa. After Apartheid, the government of South Africa inherited huge problems of access to safe drinking water. It had a population of over 15 million people lacked access to clean water. The government managed to commit itself to high standards and investment subsidies to attain its goal. From that time South Africa has made good progress to a point where it reached the universal access to improved water source in its urban centers. Similarly, the percentage of people in rural areas with access to clean water increased from sixty six percent to seventy nine percent from 1991 to 2010 (Loftus, 2009).Good governance will help government in developing countries partner with institutions that will help turn all underperforming utilities into good service providers. They would also benefit from the expertise in local, national and international sectors. Research has shown that it is difficult to change processes in water sectors. There has been friction between stakeholder and partners in determining priorities. This led to ambiguities in the role and responsibilities allocation resulting to the high cost of transaction. Just like in developed countries, good governance in developing countries will enable providers and policymakers are accountable to water users. This assists in improving services and enhancing consumer understanding the need for changes and the possible contribution of public snobby partnership (Ram et al., 2007).Great relationship with international financial institutions will enable developed countries have an adequate supply of safe water. World Bank is known to finance building of infrastructure such as funds to dig boreholes. It usually subsidizes the cost of infrastructure through inter-governmental transfers, donor projects and social development funds (Okun, 1991).Developing countries should consider the use of use decentralised Mebran Filtration body. This technology provides safe drinking water that is clean. This transcription employs effective ways of removing surrogate bacteria and parasites from drinking water hat is responsible for contamination of water. This rule is affordable to low income countries. Decentralized Mebran Filtration system is assume where central municipal water treatment is not possible. It aims to apply integrated bench scale and field scale approach in evaluating sustainability of Decentralized Mebran Filtration system in providing safe drinking water (Huang et al., 2011).Another possible solution is applying desalinization technology. This technology is said to filter salty water through membranes and removing salt through a process of electro dialysis and the reverse osmosis. The technology has worked in over one hundred and thirty countries in Middle East and in northwards Africa. With this technology, countries that are currently using it produce over six billion gallons of safe drinking water a day. Recycling and filtration should also be encouraged because the two methods are easy and cheap. Conserving water can also be achieved on a smaller scale beginning with improvement in homes (EMD, 2009). substantial countries should explore and exploit underground water. A country like Kenya and Namibia has discovered a 10,000 year old supply of water in underground aquifers. This underground water can satisfy the needs of Namibia for over four hundred years. Researchers argue that throughout Africa, there is twenty times more underground water than volume of surface water. The population of Africa is expected to increase to over two billion in 2050. This implies that countries need to explore other sources of water since traditional sources of fresh water are affected by changes in climate, lack of rainfall and rises in temperature that evaporate lakes and rivers.Other methods that developing countries should encourage their citizens to use include change state water. It is an efficient method of water sterilization though boiling is costly in terms of furnish use. Another method is solar disinfection by use of ultraviolet radiation. This method is cheap and less damaging. It involves putting water in transparent plastic bottles and exposing it to sunlight for about forty eight hours. This technology cost people nothing by only plastic bottles full of water on corrugated metallic element roof.Low income countries should also start wat er projects like water dams and rain catchment systems. These methods are simple and inexpensive. A well close to a village or in a village ensures people do not walk long distances in search of water. It saves time hence making sure there is enough time allocated for other things like learning (Barone, 2008).Campbell et al. (2013) argues that integrated investigate can help countries achieve adequate supply of safe water for drinking. He attributes the lack of water to fear and inadequate shake-up by communities. He points out that global research can help solve the problem of water scarcity and proper sanitation. This implies that United Nations should put more effort in bringing solutions to water problems. African countries can achieve adequate supply of clean water if they invest in integrated research and funding. They should also put in place policies and infrastructures that lure foreign investments from developed countries such as United States of America, France, China and Russia.Lack of safe water for drinking is a global problem. It affects both developed countries as well as developing countries. United Nations should look for ways to deal with water scarcity and genial ways of resolving political instabilities resulting from water stress. Developing countries should learn from developed countries on the most appropriate ways of providing clean water. They should maintain good governance and a good environment that can attract foreign investors as well as donors. Through collective effort from all stakeholders, the problem of water can be solved.ReferencesBarone, J. (2008). Better Water. Discovery, 29(5), 31-32.Campbell, R. L., Caldwell, D., Hopkins, B., Heaney, C. D., Wing, S., Wilson, S. M., et al. (2013). Integrating Research and Community Organizing to Address Water and Sanitation Concerns in a Community Bordering a Landfill. journal of surroundal Health, 75(10), 48-50.Dreibelbis, R., Winch, P. J., Leontsini, E., Hulland, K. R., Ram, P. K. , Unicomb, L., et al. (2013). The Integrated Behavioural Model for Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene a systematic review of behavioural models and a framework for designing and evaluating behaviour change interventions in infrastructure-restricted settings. BMC domain Health, 13(1), 1015.EMD Millipore (2013, September 23). EMD Millipore Donates $30,000 to Charity Water in Recognition of World Water Week. Pharma Business Week, p. 22.Huang, H., Jacangelo, J. G., Schwab, K. J. (2011). Decentralized Membrane Filtration System for Sustainable and Safe Drinking Water Supply in Low-Income Countries Baseline Study. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 137(11), 981-989.Loftus, A. (2009). Rethinking Political Ecologies of Water. Third World Quarterly, 30(5), 953-968.Okun, D. A. (1991). A Water and Sanitation Strategy for the Developing World. Environment Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 33(8), 16-43.Ram, P. K., Kelsey, E., Miarintsoa, R. R., Rakotomalala, O., Dunston, C., Quic k, R. E. (2007). Bringing Safe Water to Remote Populations An Evaluation of a takeout Point-of-Use Intervention in Rural Madagascar. American Journal of Public Health, 97(3), 398-400.Rosenberg, T. (2010). The burden of thirst. Washington, D.C. National Geographic Magazine. beginning document